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	Provedor de dados ArchiMer (2) Autor Tett, P. (2) Abadie, Eric (1) Allen, M. (1) Bec, B. (1) Collos, Y. (1) Emeis, K. (1) Gowen, R. J. (1) Henocque, Yves (1) Humborg, C. (1) Kannen, A. (1) Nicholls, R. (1) O'Brien, T. (1) Pastres, R. (1) Scherer, C. (1) Silvert, W. (1) Solidoro, C. (1) Swaney, D. P. (1) Yamamuro, M. (1) Mais... Palavra-chave Biogeochemistry (1) Coastal management (1) Euclidean distance (1) Eutrophication (1) Fishery management (1) Governance (1) Lifeform (1) Phosphorus (1) Regime shift (1) Scale (1) State-space (1) Thau lagoon (1) Mais... Tipo do documento Text (2) Ano 2015 (1) 2012 (1) País France (2) Idioma Inglês (2)		Ordenar por:  Relevância Autor Título Ano Registros recuperados: 333 Primeira ... 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ... Última Engendering Rural Livelihoods in Malawi through Agricultural Innovation Systems AgEcon Mapila, Mariam A.T.J.; Anesu, Makina. The study evaluates the gendered impacts of Agricultural Innovation Systems driven research on livelihood improvements in Africa. Using a case study from Malawi, the study employs a quasi-experimental research design with propensity score matching to establish a counterfactual and single differencing to measure impact. Results demonstrate that innovation systems driven agricultural research programs impact positively and significantly upon the livelihood outcomes of rural women. However there are differences in benefits accruing to women in rural communities depending on headship of the household with female-headed households benefiting more as compared to women in male-headed households. Policy implications are that; although innovation systems thinking... Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Gender equity; Quasi-experimentation; Enabling Rural Innovation; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123359 Evaluating Successful Livelihood Adaptation to Climate Variability and Change in Southern Africa Ecology and Society Osbahr, Henny; University of Reading and Walker Institute for Climate System Research; h.osbahr@reading.ac.uk; Twyman, Chasca; University of Sheffield;; Adger, W. Neil; Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia;; Thomas, David S. G.; University of Oxford;. This paper examines the success of small-scale farming livelihoods in adapting to climate variability and change. We represent adaptation actions as choices within a response space that includes coping but also longer-term adaptation actions, and define success as those actions which promote system resilience, promote legitimate institutional change, and hence generate and sustain collective action. We explore data on social responses from four regions across South Africa and Mozambique facing a variety of climate risks. The analysis suggests that some collective adaptation actions enhance livelihood resilience to climate change and variability but others have negative spillover effects to other scales. Any assessment of successful adaptation is, however,... Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Africa; Climate change; Livelihoods; Resilience. Ano: 2010 Evaluating the Household Level Outcomes of Community Based Natural Resource Management: the Tchuma Tchato Project and Kwandu Conservancy Ecology and Society Suich, Helen; Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University; Environmental Change Institute, Oxford University; helen.suich@anu.edu.au. Community based natural resource management (CBNRM) programs aim to link the achievement of conservation objectives with those of rural development and poverty alleviation. However, after more than a decade of implementation in southern Africa, there is remarkably little rigorous analysis of their achievements with respect to these goals. An evaluation of two CBNRM interventions, the Tchuma Tchato Project in Mozambique and the Kwandu Conservancy in Namibia, measured the impacts at the household level using multidimensional poverty indices. The analysis found no positive impacts on the multiple dimensions of poverty arising from the Tchuma Tchato initiative in Mozambique. In Kwandu Conservancy in Namibia, positive impacts were felt only on household... Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Africa; Community based natural resource management; Impact evaluation; Mozambique; Namibia; Poverty. Ano: 2013 Evidence of Returns to Schooling in Africa from Household Surveys: Monitoring and Restructuring the Market for Education AgEcon Schultz, T. Paul. Wage-differentials by education of men and women are examined from African household surveys to suggest private wage returns to schooling. It is commonly asserted that returns are highest at primary school levels and decrease at secondary and postsecondary levels, whereas private returns in six African countries are today highest at the secondary and post secondary levels, and rates are similar for women as for men. The large public subsidies for postsecondary education in Africa, therefore, are not needed to motivate students to enroll, and those who have in the past enrolled in these levels of education are disproportionately from the better-educated families. Higher education in Africa could be more efficient and more equitably distributed if the... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Africa; Wage returns to schooling; Inequality; HIV; AIDS; Labor and Human Capital; 015; 055; J31; J24. Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28481 Factors Affecting Poverty Dynamics in Rural Zambia. AgEcon Chapoto, Antony; Banda, Diana J.; Haggblade, Steven; Hamukwala, Priscilla. Rural poverty rates in Zambia have remained very high, at 80%, over the past decade and a half, whilst urban poverty rates have declined, from 49% in 1991 to 34% in 2006. Redressing this high rural poverty rate remains a government priority in the National Development Programs. However, solutions have proven elusive. Solid empirically based information on dynamics that have improved the welfare of small-scale farm households in Zambia, combined with an agenda for disseminating this information in public discourse, offer prospects for generating a more transparent and pro-poor policy orientation. Using longitudinal data collected from 4,286 households which participated in three nationwide surveys conducted over seven years, in 2001, 2004, and 2008, we... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Poverty Dynamics; Zambia; Rural poverty; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Security and Poverty. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109888 Factors Influencing the Profitability of Fertilizer Use on Maize in Zambia AgEcon Xu, Z.; Guan, Zhengfei; Jayne, Thomas S.; Black, J. Roy. Major Findings: The additional maize produced from a given amount of fertilizer applied varied widely across households even after largely controlling for soil and rainfall conditions. The median estimated response rate was 15.9kgs of maize per kg nitrogen applied; Under the range of conditions and smallholder management practices, average maize fertilizer response rates declined as the application rate increased beyond 2 bags of urea and 2 bags of D compound; Factors raising the response rate and profitability of fertilizer use included timely availability, application rates less than the MOA 4x4 recommendation, use of animal draft power in land preparation, and use of hybrid seed. In remote areas, and given current management practices, fertilizer use... Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Africa; Zambia; Fertilizer; Crop Production/Industries; Q12. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54639 Food Insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa: New Estimates from Household Expenditure Surveys AgEcon Smith, Lisa C.; Alderman, Harold; Aduayom, Dede. Reducing food insecurity in the developing world continues to be a major public policy challenge, and one that is complicated by lack of information on the location, severity, and causes of food insecurity. Such information is needed to properly target assistance, evaluate whether progress is achieved, and develop appropriate interventions to help those in need. This research report explores a new method of measuring food insecurity using food data collected as part of household expenditure surveys. Such surveys are routinely undertaken by numerous national governments throughout the developing world, but in the past the resulting food data remained largely unexploited for the purposes of measuring food insecurity. Using data from 12 Sub-Saharan African... Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Food supply; Africa; Sub-Saharan; Food Security and Poverty. Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37885 Food security for sub-Saharan Africa: does water scarcity limit the options? AgEcon Gowing, John W.. Future food security can be achieved only by delivering substantial increases in agricultural production, but this has important implications for water availability. Water scarcity is not currently a major issue in sub-Saharan Africa, but it would be a mistake to neglect this issue. It would be a mistake also to assume that only plans for irrigated agriculture are affected. It should be recognised that a land-use decision is also a water-use decision. A plan based on improving rain-fed agriculture through adoption of measures to make better use of rainfall brings trade-offs in that there may be less runoff to satisfy the water needs of downstream users and environmental functions. Planning for future food security requires integrated analysis of land-use... Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Food security; Water scarcity; Irrigation; Agriculture; Africa; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47864 Foreign Development Assistance to Agriculture and Food Security in Africa in the last Decade: Lessons for Tomorrow AgEcon Ehui, Simeon K.; Okike, Iheanacho. There are well-founded fears that it is unrealistic to expect Africa to achieve the Millennium Development Goal 1 (MDG1) to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger and to halve the proportion of people who suffer hunger by 2015. Recent efforts of African governments to meet the MDG1 have resulted in a number of initiatives including the Comprehensive African Agricultural Development Programme (CAADP) framework that calls for 6% agricultural growth rates, the Maputo Declaration calling for 10% of total public spending to be on agriculture, and the 2006 Abuja Declaration calling for an increase in fertilizer use from 8 – 50 kg/ha by 2015. CAADP estimates that an average investment of US$18 billion/year will be required to trigger sufficient agricultural... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Africa; Millenium Development Goals; Agriculture; Farmer; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy. Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52204 Gender Inequality, Poverty and Human Development in Kenya: Main Indicators, Trends and Limitations AgEcon Kiriti, Tabitha; Tisdell, Clement A.. Indicators of gender inequality, poverty and human development in Kenya are examined. Significant and rising incidence of absolute poverty occurs in Kenya and women are more likely to be in poverty than men. Female/male ratios in Kenyan decision-making institutions are highly skewed against women and they experience unfavourable enrolment ratios in primary, secondary and tertiary institutions. The share of income earned by women is much lower than men's share. General Kenyan indicators highlight declining GDP per capita, increased poverty rates especially for women, reduced life expectancy, a narrowing of the difference in female/male life expectancy rates, increased child mortality rates and an increase in the female child mortality rates. This... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: AIDS; Africa; Kenya; Gender; Inequality; Human development; Poverty; Consumer/Household Economics; International Development; Labor and Human Capital. Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/105587 Geophysical evidence for a transform margin offshore Western Algeria: a witness of a subduction-transform edge propagator? ArchiMer Badji, Rabia; Charvis, Philippe; Bracene, Rabah; Galve, Audrey; Badsi, Madjid; Ribodetti, Alessandra; Benaissa, Zahia; Klingelhoefer, Frauke; Medaouri, Mourad; Beslier, Marie-odile. For the first time, a deep seismic data set acquired in the frame of the Algerian-French SPIRAL program provides new insights regarding the origin of the westernmost Algerian margin and basin. We performed a tomographic inversion of traveltimes along a 100-km-long wide-angle seismic profile shot over 40 ocean bottom seismometers offshore Mostaganem (Northwestern Algeria). The resulting velocity model and multichannel seismic reflection profiles show a thin (3-4 km thick) oceanic crust. The narrow ocean-continent transition (less than 10 km wide) is bounded by vertical faults and surmounted by a narrow almost continuous basin filled with Miocene to Quaternary sediments. This fault system, as well as the faults organized in a negative-flower structure on the... Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Seismic tomography; Continental margins: transform; Crustal structure; Africa; Europe.. Ano: 2015 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00255/36670/35278.pdf Going Transboundary? An Institutional Analysis of Transboundary Protected Area Management Challenges at Mt Elgon, East Africa. Ecology and Society Vedeld, Paul; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Noragric; pal.vedeld@umb.no; Vatn, Arild; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Noragric; arild.vatn@umb.no. We analyze institutional challenges for a joint transboundary protected area regime. Employing the case of Mt Elgon in Uganda and Kenya, we use the concepts of fit and interplay to guide our examination in the challenges of the establishment of a transboundary protected area management (TBPAM) regime. Although transboundary regimes are thought to provide better fit for the resources, fitness is a contested phenomenon. The findings are critical to the perceived benefits of the TBPAM strategy in the form of one, fully integrated regional regime. We reveal how such a regime will be seriously constrained by the interplay of complex institutional factors. We moreover find evidence that TBPAM entails a reintroduction of the old top-down conservation paradigms,... Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Africa; Fit; Kenya; Protected areas; Institutions; Interplay; Transboundary conservation; Uganda.. Ano: 2013 Government responses to the world food crisis 2007-08: A political economy perspective AgEcon Maas, Sarah; Matthews, Alan. This paper examines the performance of African agri-food exports to the EU market over the first decade of the new millennium. The EU is Africa’s single largest export market absorbing just half of all African agri-food exports. Countries are grouped according to the preferential trade regime they enjoy to enter the EU market: North African countries under EuroMed agreements; least developed African countries under the Everything but Arms arrangement; other African countries under the Cotonou Agreement; and South Africa under its Trade, Development and Cooperation Agreement. Despite these preferences, Africa appears to be losing market share. A shift-share analysis confirms that, with the exception of the African Mediterranean countries, the... Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Africa; EU; Agricultural exports; Market access; Preference agreements; Food Security and Poverty; F14; Q17. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114664 Grain price adjustment asymmetry: the case of cowpea in Ghana AgEcon Langyintuo, Augustine S.. Patterns in price adjustment in response to information are important to market practitioners. This study looks at cowpea real wholesale price adjustment patterns in Bolgatanga, Wa, Makola and Techiman markets in Ghana. Using Techiman as the central market, a threshold autoregressive test for asymmetric price adjustment rejected the null hypothesis of symmetric adjustment for only the Bolgatanga-Techiman price series. An autoregressive conditional heteroskedastic regression indicates that wholesalers in Bolgatanga market respond differentially to price signals from Techiman than those in the other two markets. This suggests that policies targeting cowpea traders must recognize the differential responses by wholesalers to information. Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Africa; Ghana; Wholesalers; Market information; Autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity; Threshold autoregressive; Crop Production/Industries; D82; D43. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96165 Growth Options and Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia: A Spatial Economywide Model Analysis for 2004-15 AgEcon Diao, Xinshen; Nin Pratt, Alejandro; Ghautam, Madhur; Keough, James; Chamberlin, Jordan; You, Liangzhi; Puetz, Detlev; Resnick, Danielle; Yu, Bingxin. Also published as EDRI-ESSP Policy Working Paper No. 2: Xinshen Diao; Alejandro Nin Pratt; Madhur Ghautam; James Keough; Jordan Chamberlin; Liangszi You; Detlev Puetz; Danielle Resnick; Bingxin Yu. 2005. Growth options and poverty reduction in Ethiopia: a spatial, economywide model analysis for 2004-15. Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Poverty alleviation; Agricultural growth; Agricultural sector; Millennium Development Goals; Spatial analysis (Statistics); Disaggregation; Household surveys; Ethiopia; Africa; Food Security and Poverty; International Development. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58383 Has Kenyan Farmers’ Access to Markets and Services Improved? Panel Survey Evidence, 1997-2007 AgEcon Chamberlin, Jordan; Jayne, Thomas S.. This report uses panel data on 1,267 smallholder households to monitor changes in their access to markets and services. We find that Kenyan smallholders’ proximity to infrastructure, markets, and services has improved markedly over the last decade. These improvements, however, have not been uniformly distributed over either time or space. Farmers in high-potential areas of the country continue to enjoy closer proximity to most kinds of markets and services compared to low-potential areas, but the greatest relative improvements over the 1997-2007 period have been in areas of medium and low potential. We also distinguish between public and private investments in examining changes in smallholders’ access to markets. Changes deriving from public investments... Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Kenya; Markets; Food security; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q18; Q13. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58545 Health and Growth: Causality through Education AgEcon Huang, Rui; Fulginiti, Lilyan E.; Peterson, E. Wesley F.. Replaced with revised version of paper 08/24/09. Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: HIV/AIDS; Africa; Life expectancy; Growth; Overlapping generations; Health Economics and Policy; International Development; I18; I20; O15. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51735 Hepatitis B virus genotype E detected in Brazil in an African patient who is a frequent traveler BJMBR Sitnik,R; Sette Jr,H; Santana,R.A.F; Menezes,L.C; Graça,C.H.N; Dastoli,G.T.F; Silbert,S; Pinho,J.R.R. Genotype E of hepatitis B virus (HBV) has not been described in Brazil and is found mainly in Africa. Genotype A is the most prevalent in Brazil, and genotypes B, C, D, and F have already been reported. We report here an HBV genotype E-infected patient and some characterization of surface (S) protein, DNA polymerase (P) and precore/core (preC/C) coding regions based on the viral genome. The patient is a 31-year-old black man with chronic hepatitis B who was born and raised in Angola. He has been followed by a hepatologist in São Paulo, Brazil, since November 2003, and he is a frequent traveler to Latin America, Africa, and Europe. In 2003, he was diagnosed with HBV infection and started treatment with lamivudine with the later addition of adefovir... Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: Hepatitis B; HBV genotype E; Precore mutation; Brazil; Africa; African traveler. Ano: 2007 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2007001200013 High-resolution estimates of Southwest Indian Ridge plate motions, 20 Ma to present ArchiMer Demets, C.; Merkouriev, S.; Sauter, D.. We present the first estimates of Southwest Indian Ridge (SWIR) plate motions at high temporal resolution during the Quaternary and Neogene based on nearly 5000 crossings of 21 magnetic reversals out to C6no (19.72 Ma) and the digitized traces of 17 fracture zones and transform faults. Our reconstructions of this slow-spreading mid-ocean ridge reveal several unexpected results with notable implications for regional and global plate reconstructions since 20 Ma. Extrapolations of seafloor opening distances to zero-age seafloor based on reconstructions of reversals C1n (0.78 Ma) through C3n.4 (5.2 Ma) reveal evidence for surprisingly large outward displacement of 5 ± 1 km west of 32°E, where motion between the Nubia and Antarctic plates occurs, but 2 ± 1 km... Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Plate motions; Africa; Antarctica. Ano: 2015 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00296/40684/39674.pdf HIV/AIDS and Agrarian Livelihoods in Zambia: A Test of the New Variant Famine Hypothesis AgEcon Mason, Nicole M.; Chapoto, Antony; Jayne, Thomas S.; Myers, Robert J.. Since the southern African food crisis of 2001/02, the ‘new-variant famine’ (NVF) hypothesis first proposed by de Waal and Whiteside (2003) has become an important part of the conventional wisdom surrounding the relationship between HIV/AIDS and food crises in the region. The NVF hypothesis suggests that HIV/AIDS is eroding agrarian livelihoods and exacerbating the effects of drought and other shocks on agrarian communities. These concepts have begun to shape the HIV/AIDS mitigation and food security policies and programs of governments and development agencies. To date, however, there is a dearth of empirical evidence to support the NVF hypothesis, and there have been no studies specifically designed to tests its predictions. Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Food security; Policy; Zambia; Africa; HIV/AIDS; Crop Production/Industries; Health Economics and Policy; Q18. Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54489 Registros recuperados: 333 Primeira ... 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ... Última

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